Impact of Cartoons on Children Research

Impact of Cartoons on Children Research Cartoon or animated movie is a form which uses optical illusion and movements of consecutive performing of many still images. The first cartoon in the world was Fantasmagorie which was made by a France artist, Emile Cohl in 1908. Produced in over 100 years ago, this film had no sound and was called silent film. With white stroke on a black board in class table the film about the adventure of the cartoon character called Stick figure. All are represented by dots and simple strokes. Traditional animated cartoon, developed in early 1900s, was practiced by Ubbe Ert Iwwerks, Walt Disney and others. They had used 24 different pictures for each second of their animated movie. The first complete cartoon was produced in 1991. However, cartoon was not recognized by worldwide audience until 1914 via category animation film Gertie the Dinosaur by producer John Bray. In fact, in 1913, a film studio had producing as ones only occupation and within 5 years, the new entertaining program was born. At that time, a lot of artist took part in animated and got a lot of success. Early 30s of twentieth century, manufactures began to enhance color elements and sound in animation. The most representative works are maximum use of such elements as Snow white and the Seven Dwarfs (1973), this is the long animated the first episode in the history of the genre. Pinocchio (1940) was a cartoon produced by technical systems and the last complete. Frequently, people think cartoons are made by many simple drawing and just put them on order. In most peoples opinion, cartoons are several pictures describe consecutive actions. In fact, the second though is true. However, nowadays, in order to bring out a perfect product; producers have to make a lot of specific things. We have brief proceed about how to make a short cartoon movie. A cartoon movie, even just 30 or 80 minutes also need a number of producer and amount of time to make it completely. Everything starts from the idea, as soon as the script has done, a group of artists begin develop many storyboard which include brief conversations and the sound in the movie. After director checked the storyboard out, they move on to sound recording. Many people whose voice suit with character in the movie will be invited to dub. The sound will be deal with and provided on the number of frame on the movie and written called paper the dope sheet. Next to this step, the main parts of the movie are performed. Rough layout will be drawn first; in this part, artist just only use the pencil for perspective, arrangement of character and design. At the same time, animators make movements and after all of these the producers will make a test of lead draft and move on to check the film composition out. Then, they ad d more colors and theme on movie and move it to computer in order to join the scenes with the sounds. Finally, they check it out again to fix the problems and public. The cartoon making spends a lot of time. It usually takes them, on average, 6 to 12 months or maybe more just only to make a half hour cartoon. It is truly a difficult job. Watching cartoon had many bad effects on children. According to her, even in cartoon, children effected by violence across the screen kicking, killing each other with frequency of about 20 time an hour. Children watch violence images on television many hours a week there will have many violence actions as hitting, punching, biting his parents, sibling and friends. For advertising of food and alcohol, young tend to think the food in advertisements is good for health and not interested in the importance of vegetable in their diet. In addition, kids watch more cartoon are less physically active, easy weight gain leading to obesity while in young ages, children need to play creatively to social development. Finally, cartoon or television also influences a childrens eyesight if they focus on looking at the screen for prolonged periods. Method I. Participants: The researcher chose 100 people from many areas in Hanoi who have different jobs and ages. The participants in this study are: 20 students are working in Banking Academy, Hanoi, Vietnam. 30 kids from Katies living place. (Mage = 15.6 years, age range: 8 18 years) 20 younger parents who have kids (Mage = 27.3 years, age range: 23 35 years) 30 adults live around Hoan Kiem Lake (Mage = 36,3 from 19 45 years) In those participants, researcher chose 3 people to ask them a lot of special question. All of them have kid on school-age: Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Hoa, 29 years old, lives in Hanoi and she is a business woman. She has two children, one kid is 7 years old and the other one is 10 years old. Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Phà ºc Là ¢m, 32 years old, lives in Hanoi and works as a director in a Japan Company. He has a son whom is 9 years old. Là ² A Pà ¡o, 27 years old and lives in Hanoi. He works as sale manager on a company. I choose participants of different age living in different area to be objective and results of comprehensive. I focus on those who are kids by age group most influenced by this art. As young adults age is less influenced. I. Procedure: First, the researcher collected the information from some source such as: newspaper, books, Internet and so on. Then, basing on it, the researcher made some relevant questions for adults and people who care about Cartoon. Thirdly, the researcher met them in persons and interviewed to get more information. With the adults, the researcher asked them filling questionnaire or ask and the researcher filled the question list for children. After that, some quotation were cited, analyzed and compared. Finally, the researcher showed the conclusion from studies. Results Many reports have mentioned and researches about the opinion of people about media, including cartoon, and its affect to the peoples life. Stevie Hossler  (August, 2011) said that typically, children begin watching cartoon on television at an early age of six month, and by age two or three, children become enthusiastic audience. This has become a problem because there are too many children are watching TV too much and these programs (even cartoon) become violent and addictive. Children watch cartoon too much on TV are more likely to have mental problems and feelings, along with brain and eyes injuries and unexpectedly the risk of a physical problem increase. Furthermore, because of seeing violent on TV, children become less sensitive to hurting and affliction of others, they are not afraid of violent and easily become aggressive or use harmful action towards other people. Besides above results that I found in references, I also had a survey with 100 people have different ages (from 6 to over 45 years old and come from many different areas around Hanoi) on the question: Do you watch cartoon movie? and if yes: How old are you?. Then, I build on one pie chart that shows us Which are age groups who usually watch cartoon? Nowadays, cartoon movies are very popular and improve very quickly. Variety of cartoon movies were built for every age. From this chart we can see easily that at the period of age from 28 35, the percentage of people watch cartoon is 6 percent, makes up the smallest part of the pie chart. In that period of age, people usually too busy with their job and have no time to watching television, relaxing, even playing with their kids. A few of them spend the weekend to do those things, however it is just a short time. Hoa said that: I work as a business person so I have a lot of things to worry about, such as counting numbers, business, bosses, colleagues and so on. All of them make me crazy to dealing with. However, I still try to spend time playing with my girls, especially watching their favorite animation together. While, children on school age are the ones who watch cartoon the most. On the research, all kids watch cartoon every days, they watch it at home, at school and spend at least 3 hours per day for looking at television screen. It is really a huge number Moreover, we had a survey of a number of people who watch cartoon to find answers of the question: What kind of cartoon movie do you watch? Discussion When we did the research about cartoon with many people, there are two opposite opinions. Nobody can deny that cartoons have many surface advantages. First, watching cartoon movie is a useful entertainment activity for children and adults. A child can lie down quietly on sofa and just watch his favorite cartoon, instead of running around or screaming when his parents are working so they can play with their kid. Moreover, cartoons also have important effect on adults, especially the couples whose young children. After several busy working hours, parents can sit next to their kids and watch cartoon together. Thank to this film, they can relax completely and have a chance to stay their children nearer. These things are better than plunging into job immediately after arriving home and do not spend any time talking to the children. Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Ngà ¡Ã‚ »Ã‚ c Hoa (29 years old, Hanoi) said that: When my daughter was younger than she is now, after working time, I arrived home and just focused on housework such as cleaning, washing, cooking and so on. Because of my job, I did not have enough time to play with my child and usually took her play by herself or with her friends next door. Recent time, I have spent more time watching Tom and Jerry and other cartoons on Disney channel or Cartoon Network. I realize that when I watching cartoons with my daughter, the conversation between me and my kid become closer than ever. Now, I understand my honey more clearly, know what she wants, what she thinks, what she needs, and how she grows day by day. As a mother, I really feel very happy and so glad to understand her. J.Wolffe, an animation researcher wrote in an article on April, 23, 2012 that the animation is where kids learn how the hero is really, when she was a child, she could learn to pronounce quickly difficult words which make people confusing when listen to them. Smart will help you get almost everything and there is always anybody is more intelligent than you, animation teaches all that. Why? Because, via animation kids can learn and understand quickly when they are entertaining, which is one of the reason why children have difficulty learning from teachers, the pressure makes them liable to remember vocabulary as fast as sing a song in animation. At home, I always buy CD or open a cartoon channel to watch many funny movies with my son. In the past, my child was very active; he always run around house, from a room to another room and never sits quietly on a place within thirty minutes. However, since he has watched cartoon, he can sit on chair with concentration to television without saying any word. Furthermore, after watching a movie, if he does not get anything on this film, he will try to discover by asking me or other ones. He also often dram the characters on cartoon scene, training every day and improves it day by day. I am so proud of my little boy said Nguyà ¡Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ ¦n Phà ºc Là ¢m (32 years old, Hanoi). Not only does cartoon bring happy time for parents with their children, but it also is a special teacher for kids, who is closest and most friendly with younger generation. Nowadays, there are many cartoon series which including educative programs. It teaches children arithmetic, drawing by using beautiful and attractive shape and funny situation. Besides that, via a lot of movies, kids can learn about some knowledge around them, improving their grasp and learning. Some programs teach 7- and 8- years old a little of a foreign language, such as English an international language. Learning English from young is an important step for language ability for children in the future. In addition, animated films have a lot of funny and eye-catching picture which attract the kids so these points will help develop and enrich the childrens imagination. A vast number of people think that watching cartoon is totally good and it does not have any bad influence on children and adults. In fact that opinion is not absolute true. Cartoon is a kind of movie which causes addiction easily. More and more kids have trend toward sitting on room and they prefer watching cartoon to going out and playing with other kids, doing exercise or other activities. Sitting and watching animated movies several hours like that can make the kids sink into the world of many imaginary characters, they can use that time to do more useful work, instead of wasting it only on watching cartoon. Cartoon is just a program used to relax and improve kids brain; it cannot replace healthy activities which will train childrens body. Moreover, base on an unpublished study perform by Mary Fenway, watching cartoon on several hours cause autism for 46% of children who usually do this work and they will find difficult on opening relationship. This is really an unexpected disadvantage of watching cartoon, which nobody is looking forward to. Besides that, nowadays, appeared many animated companies just care about their profit and are insensitive to their products affection for younger generation. Là ² A Pà ¡o (27 years old, Hanoi) said that: I usually let my son watching cartoon himself because he is very interested in this funny program. However, recently, I feel that my son got mad more often than he had been, lazy to eat and sometime he beat his classmate in kindergarten. I felt very nervous and could not explain what the reason was. A few day later, I found that a cartoon channel that my child usually watch for, project an animated movie whose a lot of violent scene. Immediately, I delete that channel because it made much bad influent on my kid. Instead, I let my son watch a lot of educative cartoon and care more about what he watches. In modern life, many parents are busy with their jobs and do not notice what their child watch. Bad animated movies bring a lot of evil effect on young people, teach them things and make them have the wrong view about the lives around. Furthermore, a few animated movies which are made for adults, has unsuitable content with kids and effect on the childrens souls if they watch those movies accidentally.     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American of Child Psychiatry and adolescents (AACAP) felt that television does not affect the behavior of children as young an age. From  their research, the AACAP countries, Kids watch shows in which violence is very realistic, frequently repeated or unpunished, are more likely to imitate what they see. They also said that childrens parents need to keep a close eye on what their kids watch, and explain for children that the cartoon character was shot was not hurt, but really would be seriously injuries or die in real life. They should tell their kids that violence is not the best ways to deal with a conflict. In conclusion, because of a lot of cartoons affections on childrens life and character in future, choosing a best cartoon for kids is an important work with who are mothers and fathers. In addition, there is an alarm for the industry for kids; they need block the commercial cartoon, give back the innocent, pure and suitable animated movies for the future generation of the world.

Otheloo

Race in Othello Race is one of the most prominent themes in William Shakespearean Othello. The titular character is a black man in a predominantly white society and one of the first black heroes of English literature. At the time the play was written, black people were treated poorly by white people and were referred to as â€Å"moors† as they were considered to be barbaric and brutal Just like the area of the moors in northern England. The main character is one of few exceptions to this as he is a high ranking officer in the Venetian army.However, this does not prevent indirect discrimination Enid his back. The theme of race and racism is displayed using annalistic imagery, allusions to the occult and straight out racist language. It is not only black people discriminated against in the play, women and even different Italian nationalities are discriminated against. At the time of the play this would have been acceptable but in today's society this mind-set is not politically correct. Othello is the plays primary protagonist. However, because he is black he is the subject of a lot of the characters ridicule.At the beginning of the play, Abrogation is angered that his aught, Desman, is about to marry Othello. Interracial marriage would have been frowned upon at the time. Abrogation describes this as â€Å"too true an evil† expressing his anger at it. However the thing that sets Othello apart from the other Moors is his military background. He serves in the Venetian army which makes him superior to other people of his race. His military service leads people to see him as as opposed to other moors. Despite this, he is not spared from the discrimination of other characters.Ago frequently refers to him as â€Å"black Othello†. This singles him out from the others. At that time black would have also been associated with sin and evil, another reason why the moors were looked down upon by others. This imagery of the occult is linked into the contex t of the play. Abrogation makes references to Othello being involved with black magic many times. He believes that because of his exotic origins, Othello has links to Satan and the dark arts and that he used this magic to win over his daughter. â€Å"Against all rules of nature and must be driven to find out practices of cunning hell. Abrogation does not like the idea f having mixed-race grandchildren and uses many absurd excuses as to why his daughter fell for Othello. At the time, races such as black people and Jews were accused of working with the devil using black magic. In reality these were Just stories fabricated from rumor and legend to spread fear into people. Othello is even compared to the devil himself numerous times. At one point, Ago says that Desman will soon grow tired of being married to a moor. He says â€Å"Her eye must be fed and what delight shall she have to look on the devil? † He is comparing Othello o the devil himself.He later goes on to say â€Å" have you not hurt your head? † This may initially seem like an innocent comment but he is actually suggesting that Othello has horns beginning to grow from his forehead. As the play progresses, Othello becomes more paranoid and has evil tendencies. The metaphorical horns growing represent his growing internal evil and the stereotype of moors being evil monsters. Othello himself fears that he will succumb to this evil and says â€Å"a horned man's a monster and a beast. † By the end of the play, Othello has almost become the stereotypical or feared by white people.A violent murderer blinded by vengeance and insanity. This demonic imagery can be closely linked to the beastly imagery in the play. Another racial stereotype towards moors was their supposed annalistic tendencies. They were thought to be a beastly race and along with the previous satanic imagery, there is a lot of beastly imagery as well. Early in the play, Ago says to Abrogation that â€Å"an old black ram i s tipping your white ewe. † He uses the word â€Å"black† to put emphasis Othello race and provoke Abrogation by telling him that that he andDesman are making â€Å"the beast with two backs. † Ago knows that a black man having sex with his daughter will enrage him so he chooses his words carefully to full fill his motives. Later on Ago describes Othello transition into the stereotypical annalistic moor. He says that â€Å"he foams at the mouth and by and by breaks out to savage madness. † This is almost like a savage animal that foams at the mouth and snarls which represents what Othello has become. Towards the end of the play, Othello beats his chest in a similar fashion to a gorilla.This is a prime example of his ruinations from a noble general to the fear that had been pumped into the white population at the time. He is now the physical manifestation of what people think of his kind and is reinforcing the racial stereotype of moors. As you can see, blac k people were perceived as barbaric monsters that practiced black magic at the time the play was written. Although initially he was nothing like this, Othello slowly becomes this image of the typical moor. Racism towards black people is evidently the predominant example of race in the play. However, it is not the only example.Venetians regarded themselves very highly at the time of the play so practically any sort of ‘outsider' was discriminated against. Michael Cassia is a Florentine and at the time, people from Florence were regarded as academics and scholars. This gives Cassia a reputation as such. Ago says that Cassia â€Å"never set a squadron in the field† which makes him out to be meek. He also says that Cassia displays â€Å"mere prattle without practice† meaning that he is all talk without actually acting on his words. The typical stereotype for Florentine at the time was that they were not made for fighting UT for being scholars.However, later in the pl ay Cassia goes on to disprove this stereotype when he gets in a drunken brawl. This display of violence is a contradiction of the Florentine stereotype and makes people see Cassia in a different light for the rest of the play. Women are also frequently discriminated against in the play. There are three female characters in the play and at the end of it all of them have been referred to as a â€Å"where† at least once throughout its course. At the time of the play women were expected to obey and serve their husbands and treat them tit the utmost respect regardless of how they were treated.Emilie and Desman are both beaten by their respective husbands at least once and Bianca is mocked frequently by Cassia. He calls her a â€Å"poor caitiff' and even a â€Å"monkey'. She appears to love him yet he only uses her for his sexual desires. He brags to Ago about how â€Å"she falls thus about (Caddis) neck† and they both laugh at her. Emilie is aware of how women are mistrea ted and is a feminist of sorts amongst the more submissive female characters. She says â€Å"(men) are all but stomachs and we all but food to eat us angrily and when they are full they belch us. This shows she is aware of how men used women at that time and how she opposed it. In reality, the women have the ability to bring the men to their knees. Othello spiral into insanity at the thought of Adhesion's infidelity is a prime example of this. Although they are mistreated and seen as mere objects by most men they have the potential to manipulate men to cater to their every need. Race is evidently an important theme in Othello. At the time, people tended to be slightly narrow-minded or prejudice towards people whom hey perceived as different.Different races or genders are heavily discriminated against by other races or genders using crude metaphors and absurd stereotypes. However, the play seems to contradict these stereotypes. The black character was initially more civil and moral than the others and the women indirectly bring down many of the male characters. It shows how looks can be deceiving and how stereotypes and race can affect our Judgment of people. Even in today's society this can be seen. Othello is a prime example of how Judging people by their race can be wrong. Otheloo Race in Othello Race is one of the most prominent themes in William Shakespearean Othello. The titular character is a black man in a predominantly white society and one of the first black heroes of English literature. At the time the play was written, black people were treated poorly by white people and were referred to as â€Å"moors† as they were considered to be barbaric and brutal Just like the area of the moors in northern England. The main character is one of few exceptions to this as he is a high ranking officer in the Venetian army.However, this does not prevent indirect discrimination Enid his back. The theme of race and racism is displayed using annalistic imagery, allusions to the occult and straight out racist language. It is not only black people discriminated against in the play, women and even different Italian nationalities are discriminated against. At the time of the play this would have been acceptable but in today's society this mind-set is not politically correct. Othello is the plays primary protagonist. However, because he is black he is the subject of a lot of the characters ridicule.At the beginning of the play, Abrogation is angered that his aught, Desman, is about to marry Othello. Interracial marriage would have been frowned upon at the time. Abrogation describes this as â€Å"too true an evil† expressing his anger at it. However the thing that sets Othello apart from the other Moors is his military background. He serves in the Venetian army which makes him superior to other people of his race. His military service leads people to see him as as opposed to other moors. Despite this, he is not spared from the discrimination of other characters.Ago frequently refers to him as â€Å"black Othello†. This singles him out from the others. At that time black would have also been associated with sin and evil, another reason why the moors were looked down upon by others. This imagery of the occult is linked into the contex t of the play. Abrogation makes references to Othello being involved with black magic many times. He believes that because of his exotic origins, Othello has links to Satan and the dark arts and that he used this magic to win over his daughter. â€Å"Against all rules of nature and must be driven to find out practices of cunning hell. Abrogation does not like the idea f having mixed-race grandchildren and uses many absurd excuses as to why his daughter fell for Othello. At the time, races such as black people and Jews were accused of working with the devil using black magic. In reality these were Just stories fabricated from rumor and legend to spread fear into people. Othello is even compared to the devil himself numerous times. At one point, Ago says that Desman will soon grow tired of being married to a moor. He says â€Å"Her eye must be fed and what delight shall she have to look on the devil? † He is comparing Othello o the devil himself.He later goes on to say â€Å" have you not hurt your head? † This may initially seem like an innocent comment but he is actually suggesting that Othello has horns beginning to grow from his forehead. As the play progresses, Othello becomes more paranoid and has evil tendencies. The metaphorical horns growing represent his growing internal evil and the stereotype of moors being evil monsters. Othello himself fears that he will succumb to this evil and says â€Å"a horned man's a monster and a beast. † By the end of the play, Othello has almost become the stereotypical or feared by white people.A violent murderer blinded by vengeance and insanity. This demonic imagery can be closely linked to the beastly imagery in the play. Another racial stereotype towards moors was their supposed annalistic tendencies. They were thought to be a beastly race and along with the previous satanic imagery, there is a lot of beastly imagery as well. Early in the play, Ago says to Abrogation that â€Å"an old black ram i s tipping your white ewe. † He uses the word â€Å"black† to put emphasis Othello race and provoke Abrogation by telling him that that he andDesman are making â€Å"the beast with two backs. † Ago knows that a black man having sex with his daughter will enrage him so he chooses his words carefully to full fill his motives. Later on Ago describes Othello transition into the stereotypical annalistic moor. He says that â€Å"he foams at the mouth and by and by breaks out to savage madness. † This is almost like a savage animal that foams at the mouth and snarls which represents what Othello has become. Towards the end of the play, Othello beats his chest in a similar fashion to a gorilla.This is a prime example of his ruinations from a noble general to the fear that had been pumped into the white population at the time. He is now the physical manifestation of what people think of his kind and is reinforcing the racial stereotype of moors. As you can see, blac k people were perceived as barbaric monsters that practiced black magic at the time the play was written. Although initially he was nothing like this, Othello slowly becomes this image of the typical moor. Racism towards black people is evidently the predominant example of race in the play. However, it is not the only example.Venetians regarded themselves very highly at the time of the play so practically any sort of ‘outsider' was discriminated against. Michael Cassia is a Florentine and at the time, people from Florence were regarded as academics and scholars. This gives Cassia a reputation as such. Ago says that Cassia â€Å"never set a squadron in the field† which makes him out to be meek. He also says that Cassia displays â€Å"mere prattle without practice† meaning that he is all talk without actually acting on his words. The typical stereotype for Florentine at the time was that they were not made for fighting UT for being scholars.However, later in the pl ay Cassia goes on to disprove this stereotype when he gets in a drunken brawl. This display of violence is a contradiction of the Florentine stereotype and makes people see Cassia in a different light for the rest of the play. Women are also frequently discriminated against in the play. There are three female characters in the play and at the end of it all of them have been referred to as a â€Å"where† at least once throughout its course. At the time of the play women were expected to obey and serve their husbands and treat them tit the utmost respect regardless of how they were treated.Emilie and Desman are both beaten by their respective husbands at least once and Bianca is mocked frequently by Cassia. He calls her a â€Å"poor caitiff' and even a â€Å"monkey'. She appears to love him yet he only uses her for his sexual desires. He brags to Ago about how â€Å"she falls thus about (Caddis) neck† and they both laugh at her. Emilie is aware of how women are mistrea ted and is a feminist of sorts amongst the more submissive female characters. She says â€Å"(men) are all but stomachs and we all but food to eat us angrily and when they are full they belch us. This shows she is aware of how men used women at that time and how she opposed it. In reality, the women have the ability to bring the men to their knees. Othello spiral into insanity at the thought of Adhesion's infidelity is a prime example of this. Although they are mistreated and seen as mere objects by most men they have the potential to manipulate men to cater to their every need. Race is evidently an important theme in Othello. At the time, people tended to be slightly narrow-minded or prejudice towards people whom hey perceived as different.Different races or genders are heavily discriminated against by other races or genders using crude metaphors and absurd stereotypes. However, the play seems to contradict these stereotypes. The black character was initially more civil and moral than the others and the women indirectly bring down many of the male characters. It shows how looks can be deceiving and how stereotypes and race can affect our Judgment of people. Even in today's society this can be seen. Othello is a prime example of how Judging people by their race can be wrong.

The Cold War During World War II - 2261 Words

The Cold War was a period of rivalry short of armed confrontation. Tensions oscillated between former allies of the World War II, Russia and America, leading to the infamous cold war. It is rather difficult to determine the starting point of the Cold War because the East-West relationship had been deteriorating since a long time due to their conflicting ideologies and aspirations. However, the circumstances required for them to form an alliance in World War II, but this friendship was short lived. This essay will largely examine the immediate events after the World War II that lead to the straining of the East West relationships .A debate still lingers as to whether it was the West or the East who initiated the Cold War, thus we find†¦show more content†¦Some historians suggest that seeds for the Cold War had been sown as early as 1917 when the Russian revolution upheld their communist beliefs and this ideology most certainly was at odds with American Capitalism. At one end President Wilson declared that ‘peace must be planted upon the tested foundations of political liberty’ while at the other extreme Trotsky prophesized that ‘Either the Russian revolution will create a revolutionary movement in Europe, or the European powers will destroy the Russian revolution.’ (Thompson 1981) The second statement suggests that there was little room for coexistence and it is this rigid ideology that the Orthodox theorists criticize and use as a means of analyzing why the USSR was to be blamed for the Cold War. The post war arrangements were always a point of disagreements between the allies but the Big Three conferences aimed at finding common ground. However, the West was disheartened to see that Russia did not keep to its word as agreed at Yalta and Potsdam, especially regarding Poland and despite having agreed to free elections there, Russia imposed its own government. The other violation by Soviets was of the Declaration on Liberated Eu rope and they kept up expansionism and in fact near the end of the War, Stalin was keener on expansion than to defeat Hitler, making sure he extended in Europe as much as

An Analytical Field Report On Buddhism - 1532 Words

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Managing Tensions Inherent Of Business - 6389 Words

Managing Tensions Inherent in Business (For-profit) and Social (Non-profit) Entrepreneurial Activities Introduction Over the past several decades, entrepreneurship has attracted considerable attention of scholars from various disciplines. However, the majority of studies conducted on this emerging field have placed special emphasis on business entrepreneurship in which profit-oriented logic is dominant (e.g., Erikson, 2001; Dejardin, 2011; Campbell Mitchell, 2012). On the other hand, social entrepreneurship, which focuses on fulfilling unmet socio-economic needs rather than individual profit seeking, has started to gain importance in recent years (e.g., Mair Martà ­, 2006; Schorr, 2006; Nicholls, 2006; Dacin, Dacin, Tracey; 2011). Surprisingly, the vast majority of research conducted on these two research streams has addressed business- and social entrepreneurship separately. 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The Vampire Diaries The Fury Chapter Nine Free Essays

string(82) " as it flicked its eyes toward the window and then back to Margaret’s face\." â€Å"Well, at least I didn’t get taken over,† Bonnie said. â€Å"But I’m sick of this psychic stuff anyway; I’m tired of the whole thing. That was the last time, absolutely the last. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Nine or any similar topic only for you Order Now † â€Å"All right,† said Elena, turning away from the mirror, â€Å"let’s talk about something else. Did you find anything out today?† â€Å"I talked with Alaric, and he’s having another get-together next week,† Bonnie replied. â€Å"He asked Caroline and Vickie and me if we wanted to be hypnotized to help us deal with what’s been happening. But I’m sure he isn’t the Other Power, Elena. He’s too nice.† Elena nodded. She’d had second thoughts about her suspicions of Alaric herself. Not because he was nice, but because she had spent four days in his attic asleep. Would the Other Power really have let her stay there unharmed? Of course, Damon had said he’d influenced Alaric to forget that she was up there, but would the Other Power have succumbed to Damon’s influence? Shouldn’t it be far too strong? Unless its Powers had temporarily burned out, she thought suddenly. The way Stefan’s were burning out now. Or unless it had only been pretending to be influenced. â€Å"Well, we won’t cross him off the list just yet,† she said. â€Å"We’ve got to be careful. What about Mrs. Flowers? Did you find out anything about her?† â€Å"No luck,† said Meredith. â€Å"We went to the boardinghouse this morning, but she didn’t answer the door. Stefan said he’d try to track her down in the afternoon.† â€Å"If somebody would only invite me in there, I could watch her, too,† Elena said. â€Å"I feel like I’m the only one not doing anything. I think†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She paused a moment, considering, and then said, â€Å"I think I’ll go by home-by Aunt Judith’s, I mean. Maybe I’ll find Robert hanging around in the bushes or something.† â€Å"We’ll go with you,† Meredith said. â€Å"No, it’s better for me to do it alone. Really, it is. I can be very inconspicuous these days.† â€Å"Then take your own advice and be careful. It’s still snowing hard.† Elena nodded and dropped over the windowsill. As she approached her house, she saw that a car was just pulling out of the driveway. She melted into the shadows and watched. The headlights illuminated an eerie winter sight: the neighbors’ black locust tree, like a bare-branched silhouette, with a white owl sitting in it. As the car roared past, Elena recognized it. Robert’s blue Oldsmobile. Now, that was interesting. She had an urge to follow him, but a stronger urge to check the house, make sure everything was all right. She circled it stealthily, examining windows. The yellow chintz curtains at the kitchen window were looped back, revealing a bright section of kitchen inside. Aunt Judith was closing the dishwasher. Had Robert come to dinner? Elena wondered. The yellow chintz curtains at the kitchen window were looped back, revealing a bright section of kitchen inside. Aunt Judith was closing the dishwasher. Had Robert come to dinner? Elena wondered. Elena wished she could see more than just her aunt’s profile in the flickering light of the TV. It gave her a strange feeling to look at this room, knowing that she could only look and not go in. How long had it been since she realized what a nice room it was? The old mahogany whatnot, crowded with china and glassware, the Tiffany lamp on the table next to Aunt Judith, the needlepoint pillows on the couch, all seemed precious to her now. Standing outside, feeling the feathery caress of the snow on the back of her neck, she wished she could go in just for a moment, just for a little while. Aunt Judith’s head was tilting back, her eyes shutting. Elena leaned her forehead against the window, then slowly turned away. She climbed the quince tree outside her own bedroom, but to her disappointment the curtains were shut tight. The maple tree outside Margaret’s room was fragile and harder to climb, but once she got up she had a good view; these curtains were wide open. Margaret was asleep with the bedcovers drawn up to her chin, her mouth open, her pale hair spread out like a fan on the pillow. Hello, baby, Elena thought and swallowed back tears. It was such a sweetly innocent scene: the nightlight, the little girl in bed, the stuffed animals on the shelves keeping watch over her. And here came a little white kitten padding through the open door to complete the picture, Elena thought. Snowball jumped onto Margaret’s bed. The kitten yawned, showing a tiny pink tongue, and stretched, displaying miniature claws. Then it walked daintily over to stand on Margaret’s chest. Something tingled at the roots of Elena’s hair. She didn’t know if it was some new hunter’s sense or sheer intuition, but suddenly she was afraid. There was danger in that room. Margaret was in danger. The kitten was still standing there, tail swishing back and forth. And all at once Elena realized what it looked like. The dogs. It looked the way Chelsea had looked at Doug Carson before she lunged at him. Oh, God, the town had quarantined the dogs, but nobody had thought about the cats. Elena’s mind was working at top speed, but it wasn’t helping her. It was only flashing pictures of what a cat could do with curved claws and needle-sharp teeth. And Margaret just lay there breathing softly, oblivious to any danger. The fur on Snowball’s back was rising, her tail swelling like a bottle brush. Her ears flattened and she opened her mouth in a silent hiss. Her eyes were fixed on Margaret’s face just the way Chelsea’s had been on Doug Carson’s. Margaret’s face just the way Chelsea’s had been on Doug Carson’s. But the snow, settling like a blanket around her, seemed to deaden the words into nothingness. A low, discordant wail was started in Snowball’s throat as it flicked its eyes toward the window and then back to Margaret’s face. You read "The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Nine" in category "Essay examples" â€Å"Margaret, wake up!† Elena shouted. Then, just as the kitten pulled back a curved paw, she threw herself at the window. She never knew, later, how she managed to hang on. There was no room to kneel on the sill, but her fingernails sank into the soft old wood of the casing, and the toe of one boot jammed into a foothold below. She banged against the window with her body weight, shouting. â€Å"Get away from her! Wake up, Margaret!† Margaret’s eyes flew open and she sat up, throwing Snowball backward. The kitten’s claws caught in the eyelet bedspread as it scrambled to right itself. Elena shouted again. â€Å"Margaret, get off the bed! Open the window, quick!† Margaret’s four-year-old face was full of sleepy surprise, but no fear. She got up and stumbled toward the window while Elena gritted her teeth. â€Å"That’s it. Good girl†¦ now say, ‘Come in.’ Quick, say it!† â€Å"Come in,† Margaret said obediently, blinking and stepping back. The kitten sprang out as Elena fell in. She made a grab for it, but it was too fast. Once outside it glided across the maple branches with taunting ease and leaped down into the snow, disappearing. A small hand was tugging at Elena’s sweater. â€Å"You came back!† Margaret said, hugging Elena’s hips. â€Å"I missed you.† â€Å"Oh, Margaret, I missed you-† Elena began, and then froze. Aunt Judith’s voice sounded from the top of the stairs. â€Å"Margaret, are you awake? What’s going on in there?† Elena had only an instant to make her decision. â€Å"Don’t tell her I’m here,† she whispered, dropping to her knees. â€Å"It’s a secret; do you understand? Say you let the kitty out, but don’t tell her I’m here.† There wasn’t time for any more; Elena dived under the bed and prayed. From under the dust ruffle, she watched Aunt Judith’s stocking feet come into the room. She pressed her face into the floorboards, not breathing. â€Å"Margaret! What are you doing up? Come on, let’s get you back in bed,† Aunt Judith’s voice said, and then the bed creaked with Margaret’s weight and Elena heard the noises of Aunt Judith’s fussing with the covers. â€Å"Your hands are freezing. What on earth is the window doing open?† â€Å"And now there’s snow all over the floor. I can’t believe this†¦ Don’t you open it up again, do you hear me?† A little more bustling and the stocking feet went out again. The door shut. Elena squirmed out. â€Å"Good girl,† she whispered as Margaret sat up. â€Å"I’m proud of you. Now tomorrow you tell Aunt Judith that you have to give your kitty away. Tell her it scared you. I know you don’t want to†-she put up a hand to stop the wail that was gathering on Margaret’s lips-â€Å"but you have to. Because I’m telling you that kitty will hurt you if you keep it. You don’t want to get hurt, do you?† â€Å"No,† said Margaret, her blue eyes filling. â€Å"But-â€Å" â€Å"And you don’t want the kitty to hurt Aunt Judith, either, do you? You tell Aunt Judith you can’t have a kitten or a puppy or even a bird until-well, for a while. Don’t tell her that I said so; that’s still our secret. Tell her you’re scared because of what happened with the dogs at church.† It was better, Elena reasoned grimly, to give the little girl nightmares than to have a nightmare play out in this bedroom. Margaret’s mouth drooped sadly. â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"I’m sorry, sweetie.† Elena sat down and hugged her. â€Å"But that’s the way it has to be.† â€Å"You’re cold,† Margaret said. Then she looked up into Elena’s face. â€Å"Are you an angel?† â€Å"Uh†¦ not exactly.† Just the opposite, Elena thought ironically. â€Å"Aunt Judith said you went to be with Mommy and Daddy. Did you see them yet?† â€Å"I-it’s sort of hard to explain, Margaret. I haven’t seen them yet, no. And I’m not an angel, but I’m going to be like your guardian angel anyway, all right? I’ll watch over you, even when you can’t see me. Okay?† â€Å"Okay.† Margaret played with her fingers. â€Å"Does that mean you can’t live here anymore?† Elena looked around the pink-and-white bedroom, at the stuffed animals on the shelves and the little writing desk and the rocking horse that had once been hers in the corner. â€Å"That’s what it means,† she said softly. â€Å"When they said you went to be with Mommy and Daddy, I said I wanted to go, too.† Elena blinked hard. â€Å"Oh, baby. It’s not time for you to go, so you can’t. And Aunt Judith loves you very much, and she’d be lonely without you.† Margaret nodded, her eyelids drooping. But as Elena eased her down and pulled the bedspread over her, Margaret asked one more question. â€Å"But don’t you love me?† Oh, stupid, stupid, Elena thought, forging through the banked snow to the other side of Maple Street. She’d missed her chance to ask Margaret whether Robert had been at dinner. It was too late now. Robert. Her eyes narrowed suddenly. At the church, Robert had been outside and then the dogs had gone mad. And tonight Margaret’s kitten had gone feral-just a little while after Robert’s car had pulled out of the driveway. Robert has a lot to answer for, she thought. But melancholy was pulling at her, tugging her thoughts away. Her mind kept returning to the bright house she’d just left, going over the things she’d never see again. All her clothes and knickknacks and jewelry-what would Aunt Judith do with them? I don’t own anything anymore, she thought. I’m a pauper. Elena? With relief, Elena recognized the mental voice and the distinctive shadow at the end of the street. She hurried toward Stefan, who took his hands out of his jacket pockets and held hers to warm them. â€Å"Meredith told me where you’d gone.† â€Å"I went home,† Elena said. That was all she could say, but as she leaned against him for comfort, she knew that he understood. â€Å"Let’s find someplace we can sit down,† he said, and stopped in frustration. All the places they used to go were either too dangerous or closed to Elena. The police still had Stefan’s car. Eventually they just went to the high school where they could sit under the overhang of a roof and watch the snow sift down. Elena told him what had happened in Margaret’s room. â€Å"I’m going to have Meredith and Bonnie spread it around town that cats can attack, too. People should know that. And I think somebody ought to be watching Robert,† she concluded. â€Å"We’ll tail him,† Stefan said, and she couldn’t help smiling. â€Å"It’s funny how much more American you’ve gotten,† she said. â€Å"I hadn’t thought about it in a long time, but when you first came you were a lot more foreign. Now nobody would know you hadn’t lived here all your life.† â€Å"We adapt quickly. We have to,† Stefan said. â€Å"There are always new countries, new decades, new situations. You’ll adapt, too.† â€Å"You’ll learn, in time. If there is anything†¦ good†¦ about what we are, it’s time. We have plenty of it, as much as we want. Forever.† † ‘Joyous companions forever.’ Isn’t that what Katherine said to you and Damon?† Elena murmured. She could feel Stefan’s stiffening, his withdrawal. â€Å"She was talking about all three of us,† he said. â€Å"I wasn’t.† â€Å"Oh, Stefan, please don’t, not now. I wasn’t even thinking about Damon, only about forever. It scares me. Everything about this scares me, and sometimes I think I just want to go to sleep and never wake up again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In the shelter of his arms she felt safer, and she found her new senses were just as amazing close up as they were at a distance. She could hear each separate pulse of Stefan’s heart, and the rush of blood through his veins. And she could smell his own distinctive scent mingled with the scent of his jacket, and the snow, and the wool of his clothes. â€Å"Please trust me,† she whispered. â€Å"I know you’re angry with Damon, but try to give him a chance. I think there’s more to him than there seems to be. And I want his help in finding the Other Power, and that’s all I want from him.† At that moment it was completely true. Elena wanted nothing to do with the hunter’s life tonight; the darkness held no appeal for her. She wished she could be at home sitting in front of a fire. But it was sweet just to be held like this, even if she and Stefan had to sit in the snow to do it. Stefan’s breath was warm as he kissed the back of her neck, and she sensed no further withdrawal in Stefan’s body. No hunger, either, or at least not the kind she was used to sensing when they were close like this. Now that she was a hunter like he, the need was different, a need for togetherness rather than for sustenance. It didn’t matter. They had lost something, but they had gained something, too. She understood Stefan in a way she never had before. And her understanding brought them closer, until their minds were touching, almost meshing with each other’s. It wasn’t the noisy chatter of mental voices; it was a deep and wordless communion. As if their spirits were united. â€Å"I love you,† Stefan said against her neck, and she held on tighter. She understood now why he’d been afraid to say it for so long. When the thought of tomorrow scared you sick, it was hard to make a commitment. Because you didn’t want to drag someone else down with you. Particularly someone you loved. â€Å"I love you, too,† she made herself say and sat back, her peaceful mood broken. â€Å"And will you try to give Damon a chance, for my sake? Try to work with him?† â€Å"I’ll work with him, but I won’t trust him. I can’t. I know him too well.† â€Å"I followed Mrs. Flowers today.† Stefan’s lip quirked. â€Å"All afternoon and evening. And you know what she did?† â€Å"What?† â€Å"Three loads of wash-in an ancient machine that looked like it was going to explode any minute. No clothes dryer, just a wringer. It’s all down in the basement. Then she went outside and filled about two dozen bird feeders. Then back to the basement to wipe off jars of preserves. She spends most of her time down there. She talks to herself.† â€Å"Just like a dotty old lady,† said Elena. â€Å"All right; maybe Meredith’s wrong and that’s all she is.† She noticed his change of expression at Meredith’s name and added, â€Å"What?† â€Å"Well, Meredith may have some explaining to do herself. I didn’t ask her about it; I thought maybe it was better coming from you. But she went to talk to Alaric Saltzman after school today. And she didn’t want anyone to know where she was going.† Disquiet uncoiled in Elena’s middle. â€Å"So what?† â€Å"So she lied about it afterward-or at least she evaded the issue. I tried to probe her mind, but my Powers are just about burnt out. And she’s strong-willed.† â€Å"And you had no right! Stefan, listen to me. Meredith would never do anything to hurt us or betray us. Whatever she’s keeping from us-â€Å" â€Å"So you do admit that she’s hiding something.† â€Å"Yes,† Elena said reluctantly. â€Å"But it’s nothing that will hurt us, I’m sure. Meredith has been my friend since the first grade†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Without knowing it, Elena let the sentence slip away from her. She was thinking of another friend, one who’d been close to her since kindergarten. Caroline. Who last week had tried to destroy Stefan and humiliate Elena in front of the entire town. And what was it Caroline’s diary had said about Meredith? Meredith doesn’t do anything; she just watches. It’s as if she can’t act, she can only react to things. Besides, I’ve heard my parents talking about her family-no wonder she never mentions them. Elena’s eyes left the snowy landscape to seek Stefan’s waiting face. â€Å"It doesn’t matter,† she said quietly. â€Å"I know Meredith, and I trust her. I’ll trust her to the end.† â€Å"I hope she’s worthy of it, Elena,† he said. â€Å"I really do.† How to cite The Vampire Diaries: The Fury Chapter Nine, Essay examples

Examining the Economical and Ethical Debates free essay sample

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Aloud Quinoa has been heavily analyzed and critiqued ever since it was published in London in 1789. Disputes over Quinoas Narrative include debates over his actual birthplace, the consistency of his factual information, his sanity, and even whether Quinoa was the legitimate author of the book. All of these issues can be used to disprove Quinoas story as being true (or not entirely true), thus diminishing the usefulness and effectiveness of his book as a backbone of the abolition movement.Slavery had become an extremely lucrative business for slave-owners and such, and essentially brought many countries to power through its successful business due to the free labor as well as through the slave trade. However, Aloud Quinoa strongly opposed the institution of slavery by proclaiming that slavery was immoral, unjust, unethical, and that Africans must not be oppressed because they should be seen as equals to Europeans. We will write a custom essay sample on Examining the Economical and Ethical Debates or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He also refuted the notion that slavery could be justified economically, as he modeled an economic theory justifying an economic and immemorial boost that would develop with the abolition of slavery. Consequently, The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Aloud Quinoa was seen as a monumental threat to the pro-slavery movement, causing those opposing the anti-slavery movement to initiate false condemnations in order to protect their profits and economic gains. Quinoas narrative provided a first-hand documentation of a real slaves life long struggle and quest to abolish slavery. He recounts the misery of the middle passage by saying, with the loathsomeness of the stench, and crying together, I became so sick that Owe wished for the last friend, death, to relieve me (68). He exposes the horrors, inhumanity, and immortality that slavery and the slave trade instigated from a rare perspective. His experience as a slave even went so far as to cause him to wish to die, rather than continue living as a slave. Due to his background as an ex-slave, the trauma and despicable experiences that he conveys in his book are able to connect with readers on a far more emotional and personal level than other pamphlets of the time.Quinoa illustrates his views by giving examples of his constant oppression as he dinettes many slaves being tortured: I was often a witness to cruelties of every kind, which were exercised on my unhappy fellow slaves(107). Slaves were not seen as equals and were commonly beaten and abused, as Equation continues saying l have seen a negro beaten till some of his bones were broken, for even letting a pot boil over Driving the poor creatures to despair, and making them seek refuge in death(1 09). Quinoa lived through these horrible brutalities, and makes an imperative emphasis In his book to prove that slavery was extremely inhumane and unacceptable through his own experiences as well as witnessing the experiences of others. In essence, Quinoas story of frustration and oppression is a small example of the frustration, persecution, and repulsions that hundreds of thousands of slaves had been dealing with for hundreds of years while vying for a chance of freedom.He says that he hopes that his book will serve as a lesson of morality and religion, which will help people become better and wiser (p. 255) upon reading it. Additionally, Quinoa was convinced that ending slavery and the slave trade would actually result in economic and commercial rookeries for both Britain and Africa. He says, When you make men slaves you deprive them of half their virtue.. . You stupefy them with stripes, and think it necessary to keep them in a state of ignorance; and yet you assert that they are incapable of learning(11 3).Quinoa points out that the reason that Europeans viewed Africans as unequal and unable to sustain any kind of structured civilization, culture, and economy stemmed from the fact that African slaves were never given a chance to be educated, enlightened, or even think for themselves. Their potential was essentially smothered by the oppression, racism, and brutality that came with slavery and the slave trade. Not only were the African peoples being ;sated, but so was the African land as a continent with potential for prosperity and commercial growth.He says, l doubt it not, if a system of commerce was established in Africa, the demand for manufacturers would most rapidly augment, as the native inhabitants will insensibly adopt to the British fashions, manners, customers, He proposed that if given an equal and fair chance, the African people and entry of Africa as a whole would open up an entirely new and prosperous market to trade and commerce with Britain. He asserts that a market in Africa would be just as successful as the newly developed market in Britain and that Africa is full of hidden treasures. .. Laundry, enterprise, mining. TTS lays open to an endless field of commerce to the British manufacturers and merchant adventurer. .. The abolition of slavery would do a universal good(213). Quinoa recognized that his economic proposal of a potentially successful arrest and culture in Africa in a free world was totally and diametrically opposite of what some interested people assert,(213) as many people opposed his moral and economic stance. The institution of slavery was incredibly profitable and lucrative to a large number of merchants, slave owners, plantation owners, farmers, and investors.Slavery provided free labor which meant that no wages needed to be paid to the slaves, resulting in monumental profit margins for those who used slaves to produce goods, such as sugar, cotton, or tea to be sold and traded in the market. The use of laves had become a necessary evil for survival for many plantation owners and farmers who depended on slaves to bring about profits to their business in order to provide for their families and to ultimately survive. The abolition of slavery from this perspective would cause a destruction of a structured economy and commerce in Britain which was rooted and upheld by slavery. If slaves were taken away from this production process, it was feared that the economy would crash and that chaos would ensue. Those who were in power and relied on slaves needed a counterargument against Equations abolition event, so they resorted to finding and pinpointing any possible flaw in his book in order to support their anti-abolition stance in the face of adversity and pressure.It was a money-driven and selfish attempt to protect the stability and profits that slavery provided to those who owned slaves (or those who benefited from the use of them). Therefore, I feel that the arguments and criticisms against the book should be discredited for the most part, thus making the book a legitimate source and a useful anti-slavery tool. Additionally, even if the arguments against the legitimacy and truthfulness of he book w ere rightfully justified I still would agree with Quinoas theories and visions of abolition.Though slavery was prosperous and beneficial to some, it was absolutely immoral and unethical and the abolition of slavery would allow for prosperity to an enormously larger amount of people due to the emergence of a new market in a country that was twice as large as Europe. Africans would obviously benefit economically, socially, morally, and ethically and the Europeans would be still be subject to increased commercial interests and economical gains as well.